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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{for|the [[DMT]]/[[MAOI]] plant brew that shares the same name as this plant|ayahuasca}}<br />
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{{BotanyBox/Banisteriopsis caapi}}<br />
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'''''Banisteriopsis caapi''''', also known as '''ayahuasca''', '''caapi''' or '''yagé''', is a South American liana of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare [[ayahuasca]], a decoction with a long history of its [[entheogen]]ic use and its status as a "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest.<br />
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==History and culture==<br />
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===Research===<br />
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====Neurogenesis====<br />
The alkaloids of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen [[ayahuasca]], stimulate adult neurogenesis ''in vitro''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morales-García, J. A.)), ((Fuente Revenga, M. de la)), ((Alonso-Gil, S.)), ((Rodríguez-Franco, M. I.)), ((Feilding, A.)), ((Perez-Castillo, A.)), ((Riba, J.)) | journal=Scientific Reports | title=The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro | volume=7 | issue=1 | pages=5309 | date=13 July 2017 | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05407-9 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9}}</ref><br />
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==Chemistry==<br />
Banisteriopsis caapi (also known as ayahuasca, caapi or yajé) is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It contains harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine in the following proportions:<br />
*'''Harmine:''' 0.31-8.43%<br />
*'''Harmaline:''' 0.03-0.83%<br />
* '''Proanthocyanidins''' (less known MAOIs)<br />
** '''(−)-epicatechin'''<br />
** '''(−)-procyanidins'''<br />
*'''Tetrahydroharmine:''' 0.05-2.94%<br />
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==Toxicity and harm potential==<br />
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===Dangerous interactions===<br />
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====Cholinergics====<br />
[[Cholinergic]] substances combined with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' can cause a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis cholinergic crisis] because the plant contains acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs):<br />
* Harmaline<ref name="Pubmed-19784581">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zheng, X.)), ((Zhang, Z.)), ((Chou, G.)), ((Wu, T.)), ((Cheng, X.)), ((Wang, C.)), ((Wang, Z.)) | journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research | title=Acetylcholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of two new alkaloids from seeds of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge by an in vitro TLC- bioautographic assay | volume=32 | issue=9 | pages=1245–1251 | date= September 2009 | issn=0253-6269 | doi=10.1007/s12272-009-1910-x}}</ref><br />
* Harmine<ref name="Pubmed-19784581" /><br />
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==See also==<br />
*''[[Peganum harmala]]''<br />
*[[Beta-Carbolines]]<br />
*[[Psychedelics]]<br />
*[[Tryptamines]]<br />
*[[Phenethylamines]]<br />
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==External links==<br />
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banisteriopsis_caapi ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' (Wikipedia)]<br />
** [https://erowid.org/plants/banisteriopsis/banisteriopsis.shtml ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' (Erowid Vault)]<br />
* Harmala alkaloids<br />
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid Harmala alkaloids (Wikipedia)]<br />
*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmaline Harmaline (Wikipedia)]<br />
*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmine Harmine (Wikipedia)]<br />
*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydroharmine Tetrahydroharmine (Wikipedia)]<br />
** [https://erowid.org/chemicals/harmala/harmala.shtml Harmala Alkaloids (Erowid Vault)]<br />
** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=13 Harmaline (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]<br />
** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=14 Harmine (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]<br />
** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=54 Tetrahydroharmine (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]<br />
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==Literature==<br />
* Morales-García, J. A., de la Fuente Revenga, M., Alonso-Gil, S., Rodríguez-Franco, M. I., Feilding, A., Perez-Castillo, A., & Riba, J. (2017). The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9<br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
[[Category:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]<br />
[[Category:beta-Carboline]]<br />
[[Category:Entheogen]]<br />
[[Category:MAOI]]<br />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]</div>en>Graham