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{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/DXO}}

'''Dextrorphan''' (also known as '''DXO''') is a [[dissociative]] drug of the [[morphinan]] class. It's the main active metabolite of [[dextromethorphan]] ('''DXM'''). It appears as a colorless powder.<ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 | https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml</ref>

==Chemistry==
Dextrorphan is a dextrorotatory molecule of the morphinan class. It contains a phenanthrene core structure with one aromatic ring (benzene) bound to two saturated rings (cyclohexane). [[Dextromethorphan]] is metabolized in the body by o-demethylation through the CYP2D6 enzyme to form Dextrorphan.<ref>Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of dextromethorphan: fetal and adult studies. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1306804</ref>

==Pharmacology==
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] as well as essentially inactive as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Psychotropic Effects of Dextromethorphan Are Altered by the CYP2D6 Polymorphism: A Pilot Study | http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=1998&issue=08000&article=00014&type=abstract</ref> DXO is an active chemical and contributes to the [[DXM#Subjective effects|subjective effects]] experienced when active doses of DXM are consumed.<ref>Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders - 3. Pharmacodynamics (January 2016) | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292212463_Dextromethorphan_An_update_on_its_utility_for_neurological_and_neuropsychiatric_disorders</ref>

===Binding affinities (K<sub>i</sub>)===
* NMDA antagonist - 486 nM
* Sigma-1 agonist - 351 nM
* Serotonin transporter (SERT) - 484 nM
* Mu opioid agonist - 420 nM

==Subjective effects==
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}

One user reported excessive itchiness accompanied by a "peaceful yet emotionless state" after 340mg of the substance was consumed.<ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 | https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml</ref>
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Gustatory hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Itchiness]]''' - This effect has become subsequently known as "robo-itch" and though relatively common there are many users who never experience this particular effect while some individuals can experience it quite intensely.
*'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''
*'''[[Motor control loss|Motor control loss]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of decreased weight]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical autonomy]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]'''
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Information processing suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:DXO]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
{{#ask: [[Category:DXO]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
Additional experience reports can be found here:
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_DXO.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: DXO]

==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Lethal dosage===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Dissociatives}}

==Legal issues==
{{legalStub}}
* '''Germany''': Dextrorphan is uncontrolled.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
* '''Poland''': Dextrorphan is unscheduled.<ref>List of scheduled substances in Poland. | http://www2.mz.gov.pl/wwwfiles/ma_struktura/docs/zal2_uopnarkomanii_29072005.pdf</ref>
* '''United States''': Dextrorphan is unscheduled since October 1, 1976.<ref>DEA: "Lists of: Scheduling Actions Controlled Substances Regulated Chemicals"</ref>

==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Dextromethorphan]]
*[[Dissociative]]
*[[NMDA receptor antagonist]]
*[[Morphinan]]
*[[MXE]]

==External links==
*[[wikipedia:Dextrorphan|Dextrorphan (Wikipedia)]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Morphinan]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Approval]]
[[Category:Proofread]]

Talk:Dextrorphan - Revision history

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