Flunitrazepam: Difference between revisions

From Drugwiki

Jump to: navigation, search
← Older editNewer edit →
Wikitable
m 1 revision imported
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Flunitrazepam''' (Also known as Narcozep, Rohypnol, Rohipnol, Roipnol, or Roofies) Is a very fast acting benzodiazepine that is used mostly as a Hypnotic for short-term treatment of Chronic or Severe Insomniacs that aren't responsive for other Hypnotics. Which is why that it is almost always used on a short-term basis.  
'''Rohypnol''', A [[benzodiazepine]] with pharmacologic actions similar to those of [[diazepam]] that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.


== History ==
[[File:rohypnol.jpg]]
It was developed by a team lead by Leo Sternbach at Hoffman La-Roche in 1963. Which showed that an N-Methyl & 2-Fluoro produced the most hypnotic effects. It was used in hospitals when deep sedation was needed. First entered the commerical market in Europe in 1975 as Rohypnol. In the 1980's it began to be available in other countries. In the United States it appeared in the later 1983-84. It came in doses of 1mg and 2mg. But due to its potency and potential for abuse, most European contries changed their drug laws and limited the dose to 1mg. In my countries the maximum dose per package (Prescription) was limited to 20 or 30mg's. In Germany there had been two changes in availability during a short period in the late 1990s. Which restricted the dose to 20mg per package. Soon after it was made to limit the dose to only 1mg. While ampoules containing the 2mg solution were not changed by Roche and have been handled as a controlled narcotic like Morphine. In the where Flunitrazepam is available for prescription as both 1mg and 2mg tablets, such as the Netherlands, generic alternatives are available for the 2mg tablets. In Asia and South America there are the original 2mg tablets from Roche.  
{{Drugbox|
| IUPAC_name = ''6-(2-fluorophenyl)- 2-methyl- 9-nitro- 2,5-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undeca- 5,8,10,12- tetraen- 3-one''
| image = Flunitrazepam.svg.png
| image2 = Flunitrazepam-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| width = 197
| width2 = 200
| CAS_number = 1622-62-4
| ChemSpiderID = 3263
| ATC_prefix = N05
| ATC_suffix = CD03
| ATC_supplemental =
| PubChem = 3380
| DrugBank = none
| C=16|H=12|F=1|N=3|O=3
| molecular_weight = 313.3
| bioavailability = 50% (suppository)<br>64-77% (oral)
| metabolism = [[Liver|Hepatic]]
| elimination_half-life = 18-26 hours
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
| pregnancy_AU = C
| legal_US = Schedule I
| legal_UK =Class C
| legal_AU = S8
| legal_status =[[Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances#Schedules_of_Controlled_Substances|III]]<small> ([[Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances|International]])</small>
| routes_of_administration = Oral
}}


The newly designed 1mg tablets introduced in the 1990's by Roche for the European market are identical in all countries. Which are green (which contain a blue colouring) So that the tablets can only dissolve quickly in hot liquids, while turning the drink a blue colour and leaving a green residue in the beverage, which was introduced to prevent use as a date rape drug, and abuse.
== Pharmacology ==


In the 2000's some European countries started to treat Flunitrazepam as a strong narcotic.  
Rohypnol is a powerful hypnotic drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has powerful hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. The drug is sometimes used as a date rape drug. In the United States, the drug has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for medical use, and is considered to be an illegal drug. It has however been approved in the United Kingdom and other countries.


Since November 2011 the drug is only available with a special narcotic prescription in Germany. 
== Additional information about Rohypnol ==


== Dose ==
Rohypnol Indication: For short-term treatment of severe insomnias, that are not responsive to other hypnotics.
Mechanism Of Action: Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing [[GABA]] affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.


{| class="wikitable"
{{Benzodiazepines}}
|+ Oral
|-
| Light || 0.5-1mg
|-
| Common || 1-2mg
|-
| Heavy || 2-4mg+
|}
 
== Duration ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Oral
|-
| Onset || 15-30 minutes.
|-
| Duration || 4-8 hours.
|-
| After-effects || 2-24 hours.
|}
.
== Effects ==
=== Positive ===
*Euphoria
*Calmness
*A slight loveliness to Shiny objects
 
=== Neutral ===
*Slurred speech
*Dizziness
*Nausea
 
=== Negative ===
*Blacking out
*Lashing out
*Stealing things
*Amnesia
 
 
== Harm Reduction ==
All other CNS depressants. This includes Alcohol, other Benzodiazepines, Opiates/ect.
 
== Chemistry and Pharmacology == 
Flunitrazepam is classed as a Nitro-Benzodiazepine. It is the fluorinated N-Methyl derivative of Nitrazepam. Other nitro-benzodiazepines include Nitrazepam (which is the parent compound) Nimetazepam (Methylamino Derivative) and Clonazepam (The Chlorinated Derivative)
 
The main pharmacological effect of Flunitrazepam are the enhancement of GABA at at the GABA(A) Receptor. Like with most other benzodiazepines, Flunitrazepam's pharmacological effects include sedation, muscle relaxation, reduction in anxiety, and anti-convulsive effects.
 
80% of Flunitrazepam that is taken orally is absorbed. Flunitrazepam has a medium half life of 18-26 hours. Which makes the effect persist throughout the next day. Flunitrazepam is lipophilic and is metabolised hepatically via oxidative pathways. The enzyme CYP3A4 is the main enzyme in its phase 1 metabolism in humans.
 
[[Category:Chemicals]]


[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
 
[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
[[Category:Benzodiazepine]]
 
[[Category:Depressant]]

Revision as of 14:17, 29 October 2025

Rohypnol, A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of diazepam that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.

Flunitrazepam
Systematic (IUPAC) name
6-(2-fluorophenyl)- 2-methyl- 9-nitro- 2,5-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undeca- 5,8,10,12- tetraen- 3-one
Identifiers
CAS number 1622-62-4
ATC code N05CD03
PubChem 3380
DrugBank none
ChemSpider 3263
Chemical data
Formula C16H12FN3O3 
Mol. mass 313.3
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 50% (suppository)
64-77% (oral)
Metabolism Hepatic
Half life 18-26 hours
Excretion Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

C(AU)

Legal status

Controlled (S8)(AU) Class C(UK) Schedule I(US) III (International)

Routes Oral

Pharmacology

Rohypnol is a powerful hypnotic drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has powerful hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. The drug is sometimes used as a date rape drug. In the United States, the drug has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for medical use, and is considered to be an illegal drug. It has however been approved in the United Kingdom and other countries.

Additional information about Rohypnol

Rohypnol Indication: For short-term treatment of severe insomnias, that are not responsive to other hypnotics. Mechanism Of Action: Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.

 
Benzodiazepines (N05BA, N05CD)
1,4-Benzodiazepines
1,5-Benzodiazepines
2,3-Benzodiazepines
Triazolobenzodiazepines
Imidazobenzodiazepines
Oxazolobenzodiazepines
Thienodiazepines
Pyridodiazepines
Pyrazolodiazepines
Pyrrolodiazepines
Benzodiazepine Prodrugs
Others
Retrieved from "https://www.drugwiki.net/wen/index.php?title=Flunitrazepam&oldid=38"